The word “occupation” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2015. Today the opening carries none. 1 remains further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
Measured, not asserted. Every count, date and revision on this page was taken from Wikipedia's own history and checked against the live article. The words quoted are theirs.
Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-02. “occupation” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1.
We saved snapshots of this article over twenty years; you are reading the 2015 one. Red dashes: removed from Wikipedia since.Pale dots: rewritten; the numbered note shows what it says now.Red text: written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot.1 tap a number or a side note to jump between them
The opening as it read in 2015
Herem (or Chērem חרם) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community.1 It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning , and is similar to vitandus excommunication in the Catholic Church . Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic term ḥarām (forbidden, taboo, off-limits, sacred or immoral), and the Ethiopic `irm (meaning accursed).2Arguably the most famous case of a herem is that of Spinoza , the seventeenth century philosopher. Other famous subjects of a herem were early Russian communists Leon Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev . Sometime in 1918, while Ukraine was under German occupation, the rabbis of Odessa pronounced herem against Trotsky, Zinoviev, and other Jewish Bolshevik leaders in the synagogue. Zinoviev cynically referred to this in his eulogy of Uritsky (the chief of the Petrograd Cheka, assassinated on August 30, 1918): "When we read that in Odessa, under Skoropadsky , the rabbis assembled in special council, and there these representatives of the rich Jews, officially, before the entire world, excommunicated from the Jewish community such Jews as Trotsky and me, your obedient servant, and others - no single hair of any of us has turned gray because of grief"; Zinoviev, Sochineniia, 16:224, quoted in Bezbozhnik [The godless], no. 20 (12 September 1938).3
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 641729691.
The opening as it stood in 2005
Cherem (or Herem ), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning , and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 16178853.
The opening as it stood in 2010
Cherem (or ḥērem חרם), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning , and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church . Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic term ḥarām (forbidden, taboo, off-limits, sacred or immoral), and the Ethiopic `irm (meaning accursed).The most famous case of a cherem is that of Spinoza , a seventeenth century philosopher.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 370516356.
The opening as it stood in 2020
Highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community Not to be confused with Haram .Herem placed on the Hasidim by the Vilna Gaon in 1781.Herem ( , also Romanized chērem, ḥērem ) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community . It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus " excommunication " in the Catholic Church . Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic terms ḥarām "forbidden, taboo, off-limits, or immoral" and haram "set apart, sanctuary", and the Ge'ez word ʿirm "accursed".Arguably the most famous case of a herem is that of Baruch Spinoza , the seventeenth-century philosopher.Another renowned case is the herem the Vilna Gaon ruled against the early Hassidic groups in 1777 and then again in 1781, under the charge of believing in panentheism . Other famous subjects of a herem were early Russian communists Leon Trotsky and Grigory Zinoviev . Sometime in 1918, while Ukraine was under German occupation, the rabbis of Odessa pronounced herem against Trotsky, Zinoviev, and other Jewish Bolshevik leaders. Zinoviev cynically referred to this in his eulogy of Uritsky (the chief of the Petrograd Cheka, assassinated on August 30, 1918): When we read that in Odessa, under Skoropadsky , the rabbis assembled in special council, and there these representatives of the rich Jews, officially, before the entire world, excommunicated from the Jewish community such Jews as Trotsky and me, your obedient servant, and others - no single hair of any of us has turned gray because of grief" — Zinoviev, Sochineniia, 16:224, quoted in Bezbozhnik [The godless], no. 20 (12 September 1938).
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The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 5 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community Not to be confused with Haram or harem . Herem placed on the Hasidim by the Vilna Gaon in 1781 Herem ( , also Romanized chērem, ḥērem ) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community . It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus " excommunication " in the Catholic Church . Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic terms ḥarām "forbidden, taboo, off-limits, or immoral" and haram "set apart, sanctuary", and the Ge'ez word ʿirm "accursed".
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178243080.
The opening as it stood in 2025
Highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community Not to be confused with Haram or harem . Herem placed on the Hasidim by the Vilna Gaon in 1781 Herem ( Hebrew : חֵרֶם ḥērem ) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community . It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus " excommunication " in the Catholic Church . Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic terms ḥarām "forbidden, taboo, off-limits, or immoral" and haram "set apart, sanctuary", and the Geʽez word ʿirm "accursed".
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1291877907. This is our newest snapshot; the live article may have moved again since.
Today
“occupation” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 1. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.
