Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun (full name, , Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥman bin Muḥammad bin Khaldūn Al-Hadrami , Berber name: Ben Xeldun ; May 27, 1332 AD/732 AH - March 19, 1406 AD/808 AH) was a North African polymath — an astronomer , economist , historian , Islamic jurist , Islamic lawyer , Islamic scholar , Islamic theologian , hafiz , mathematician , military strategist , nutritionist , philosopher , social scientist and statesman —born in North Africa in present-day Tunisia . He is considered a forerunner of several social scientific disciplines: demography , cultural history , historiography , the philosophy of history , and sociology . He is also considered one of the forerunners of modern economics , alongside the earlier Indian scholar Chanakya . Ibn Khaldun is considered by many to be the father of a number of these disciplines, and of social sciences in general, for anticipating many elements of these disciplines centuries before they were founded in the West. He is best known for his Muqaddimah (known as Prolegomenon in English), the first volume of his book on universal history , Kitab al-Ibar . Ibn Khaldun's ideas were not absorbed by his society, nor were they carried forward by its future generations. A general intolerance of science pervaded Arab culture, and scientists were not free to publish their ideas. The Polymath by Bensalem Himmich , The Complete Review). Gates (July–September 1967), "The Spread of Ibn Khaldun's Ideas on Climate and Culture" , Journal of the History of Ideas , 28 (3), University of Pennsylvania Press : 415-422 [416] : Unknown parameter |accessedate= ignored ( help ) Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names . Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Works . The Other Press . p. v. Gates (July–September 1967), "The Spread of Ibn Khaldun's Ideas on Climate and Culture" , Journal of the History of Ideas , 28 (3), University of Pennsylvania Press : 415-422 [415] : Unknown parameter |accessedate= ignored ( help ) Dr. The Islamic Concept of Knowledge", Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture 12 (3). A Fourteenth-Century Economist", The Journal of Political Economy 79 (5): 1105-1118. Kautilya's Arthashastra: A neglected precursor to classical economics . A Western perspective of Kautilya's Arthasastra: does it provide a basis for economic science? Kautilya on institutions, governance, knowledge, ethics and prosperity. Essentials of World History .

Ibn Khaldūn ( / ˌ ɪ b ən x æ l ˈ d uː n / full name, , Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥmān bin Muḥammad bin Khaldūn Al-Ḥaḍrami ; May 27, 1332 – March 19, 1406) was an Arab Muslim historiographer and historian, regarded to be the founding fathers of modern sociology , historiography , demography , and economics . He is best known for his book, the Muqaddimah (literally the "Introduction", known as the Prolegomena in Greek). The book influenced 17th-century Ottoman historians like Ḥajjī Khalīfa and Mustafa Naima who used the theories in the book to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire . 19th-century European scholars also acknowledged the significance of the book and considered Ibn Khaldun as one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages . Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions . In al-Muqaddima Ibn Khaldun cites him as a pioneer in sociology • Joseph J. In Ayalon, David; Sharon, Moshe (eds.). Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon .

14th-century Arab historiographer and historian Ibn Khaldun ( / ˈ ɪ b ən k æ l ˈ d uː n / ; , Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406) was an Arab scholar of Islam , social scientist and historian who has been described as the father of the modern disciplines of historiography , sociology , economics , and demography . Niccolò Machiavelli of the Renaissance and the 19th-century European scholars widely acknowledged the significance of his works and considered Ibn Khaldun to be one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages . His best-known book, the Muqaddimah or Prolegomena ("Introduction"), which he wrote in six months as he states in his autobiography, influenced 17th-century Ottoman historians like Kâtip Çelebi , Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and Mustafa Naima , who used its theories to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire . Ibn Khaldun interacted with Tamerlane , the founder of the Timurid Empire . In Oliver Leama (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy . Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions . "by those who had eyes to see and patience to examine all that had been "revealed" In terms of Islamic intellectual history, it is possible to define Ibn Khaldun as a neo-Mutazilite" Laurence S. Ibn Khaldun drited away from Al-Farabi's political idealism. In al-Muqaddima, Ibn Khaldun cites him as a pioneer in sociology Shah, Muhammad Sultan. "Pre-Darwinian Muslim Scholars’ Views on Evolution." (2017). Banu Khaldun al-Hadrami (Yemen, but not Qahtan), to which belonged the famous historian Ibn Khaldun. The family's ancestor was 'Uthman ibn Bakr ibn Khalid, called Khaldun, a Yemeni Arab among the conquerors who shared kinship with the Prophet's Companian Wa'il ibn Hujr and who settled first in Carmona and then in Seville. The Historical Muhammad , Irving M. Zeitlin, (Polity Press, 2007), 21; "It is, of course, Ibn Khaldun as an Arab here speaking, for he claims Arab descent through the male line.". The Arab World: Society, Culture, and State , Halim Barakat (University of California Press, 1993), 48;"The renowned Arab sociologist-historian Ibn Khaldun first interpreted Arab history in terms of badu versus hadar conflicts and struggles for power." Ibn Khaldun , M. Talbi, The Encyclopaedia of Islam , Vol. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 825; "Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis, on I Ramadan 732/27 May 1332, in an Arab family which came originally from the Hadramawt and had been settled at Seville since the beginning of the Muslim conquest...." • Joseph J. In Ayalon, David; Sharon, Moshe (eds.). Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon .

Arab historiographer and historian (1332–1406) For the horse, see Ibn Khaldun (horse) . Ibn Khaldun ( / ˈ ɪ b ən x æ l ˈ d uː n / ; , Abū Zayd ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn Khaldūn al-Ḥaḍramī ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406 AD , 732–808 AH ) was a sociologist , philosopher , and historian widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages , and considered by many to be the father of historiography , sociology , economics , and demography studies. His best-known book, the Muqaddimah or Prolegomena ("Introduction"), which he wrote in six months as he states in his autobiography, influenced 17th-century and 19th-century Ottoman historians such as Kâtip Çelebi , Mustafa Naima and Ahmed Cevdet Pasha , who used its theories to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire . Ibn Khaldun interacted with Tamerlane , the founder of the Timurid Empire . He has been called one of the most prominent Muslim and Arab scholars and historians. Recently, Ibn Khaldun's works have been compared with those of influential European philosophers such as Niccolò Machiavelli , Giambattista Vico , David Hume , G. Hegel , Karl Marx , and Auguste Comte as well as the economists David Ricardo and Adam Smith , suggesting that their ideas found precedent (although not direct influence) in his. He has also been influential on certain modern Islamic thinkers (e.g. those of the traditionalist school ). In Oliver Leama (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy . Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions . His critique of philosophy is an Ash’ari critique, completely in line with the Ash’aris before him, including Ghazali and Fakhr al-din al-Razi, both of whom Ibn Khaldun recommends for those who wish to learn how to refute the philosophers" Moss, Laurence S., ed. Ibn Khaldun drited away from Al-Farabi's political idealism. "Pre-Darwinian Muslim Scholars’ Views on Evolution." (2017). In al-Muqaddima, Ibn Khaldun cites him as a pioneer in sociology Ayub, Zulfiqar (2015). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters . In Ayalon, David; Sharon, Moshe (eds.). Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon . "Re-reading Ibn-Khaldun in the 21st Century: Traveling Theory and the Question of Authority, Legitimacy, and State Violence in the Modern Arab World" .

Arab Islamic scholar, historian and philosopher (1332–1406) For the horse, see Ibn Khaldun (horse) . Ibn Khaldun (27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH ) was an Arab Islamic scholar , historian, philosopher and sociologist. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages , and considered by a number of scholars to be a major forerunner of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies. His best-known book, the Muqaddimah or Prolegomena ("Introduction"), which he wrote in six months as he states in his autobiography, influenced 17th-century and 19th-century Ottoman historians such as Kâtip Çelebi , Mustafa Naima and Ahmed Cevdet Pasha , who used its theories to analyze the growth and decline of the Ottoman Empire . Ibn Khaldun interacted with Tamerlane , the founder of the Timurid Empire . He has been called one of the most prominent Muslim and Arab scholars and historians. Recently, Ibn Khaldun's works have been compared with those of influential European philosophers such as Niccolò Machiavelli , Giambattista Vico , David Hume , G. Hegel , Karl Marx , and Auguste Comte as well as the economists David Ricardo and Adam Smith , suggesting that their ideas found precedent (although not direct influence) in his. He has also been influential on certain modern Islamic thinkers (e.g. those of the traditionalist school ). In Oliver Leama (ed.). The Biographical Encyclopaedia of Islamic Philosophy . Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions . His critique of philosophy is an Ash’ari critique, completely in line with the Ash’aris before him, including Ghazali and Fakhr al-din al-Razi, both of whom Ibn Khaldun recommends for those who wish to learn how to refute the philosophers" Moss, Laurence S., ed. Ibn Khaldun drited away from Al-Farabi's political idealism. "Pre-Darwinian Muslim Scholars’ Views on Evolution." (2017). In al-Muqaddima, Ibn Khaldun cites him as a pioneer in sociology Ayub, Zulfiqar (2015). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters . In Toufiq, Ahmed ; Hajji, Mohamed (eds.). Ma'lamat al-Maghrib (Encyclopedia of Morocco) (in Arabic). Banu Khaldun al-Hadrami (Yemen, but not Qahtan), to which belonged the famous historian Ibn Khaldun. The family's ancestor was 'Uthman ibn Bakr ibn Khalid, called Khaldun, a Yemeni Arab among the conquerors who shared kinship with the Prophet's Companian Wa'il ibn Hujr and who settled first in Carmona and then in Seville. The Historical Muhammad , Irving M. Talbi, The Encyclopaedia of Islam , Vol. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 825; "Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis, on I Ramadan 732/27 May 1332, in an Arab family which came originally from the Hadramawt and had been settled at Seville since the beginning of the Muslim conquest...." Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History: A Study in the Philosophic Foundation of the Science of Culture , Muhsin Mahdi, Routledge; "His family claimed descent from a Yemenite tribe originating in Hadramawt" Issawi, Charles. In Ayalon, David; Sharon, Moshe (eds.). Studies in Islamic history and civilization: in honour of Professor David Ayalon . "Re-reading Ibn-Khaldun in the 21st Century: Traveling Theory and the Question of Authority, Legitimacy, and State Violence in the Modern Arab World" . There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or templates on this page, but the references will not show without a template or template (see the help page ). There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a template (see the help page ).