The word “islamist” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak in 2005. Today the opening carries none. 9 remain further down the article, where a reader arriving from a search result does not go.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani ( 1839 – 1897 ) was a political activist. His birthplace is Asadabad , but it is unclear whether it is the Asadabad in Iran or Afghanistan. Scholars are still unsure and writings describe him as an Azeri, Iranian, and Afghani. He was opposed to having foreigners rule Muslim lands and believed that the main problem was lack of unity among Muslims. He visited India in the hope to start an Islamic anti-British movement in that country. Though he was a Shiite Muslim , he dressed himself like Afghans and claimed that he was a Sunni of Afghan Origin. While he was anti-colonialist, he was also against Islamic leaders at the time. He believed in the rule of law and constitutional-based government rather than absolute monarchy and autocracy. His traditional madrassah education had included fiqh (jurisprudence) alongside falsafah (philosophy) and irfan (mysticism). He then visited Egypt , found followers there and led Islamists there. A British Officer wrote to his superior that if Afghani remained there they would face problems. al-Afghani was forced to leave Egypt . He then visited Britain and published a newspaper there for some time. He wrote in his diary that "I did not see Islam there (UK) but Muslims" He then returned to Iran asking Shah to make reforms but received nothing but words. He and his followers stayed in a Mosque and they said that they would not leave there untill the Persian Shah accept their demands but Nasir al-Din Shah ordered the exile of al-Afghani to Turkey . He found followers in Turkey and he became imprisoned by order of Sultan Abdul Hamid II In 1896 a follower of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani assassinated Nasir al-Din Shah in protest for his treatment of Afghani. The Ottoman Sultan imprisoned al-Afghani when the news of the Shah's assassination emerged. Afghani spent the last part of his life in Istanbul under the patronage and, later, surveillance of Sultan ‘Abd al-Hamid II. The demands for Afghani’s extradition by the Iranian officials for his alleged involvement in the assassination of Shah Nasir al-Din were rejected by ‘Abd al-Hamid who, most probably, collaborated with Afghani for the implementation of his political program of pan-Islamism or Islamic unity (ittihad-i islam). To this end, Afghani sent a number of letters to various Islamic countries and leaders to mobilize and unite them against the British rule while at the same time trying to establish the foundations of a mutual rapprochement between the Sunnis and the Shi`ites. According to some historians, ‘Abd al-Hamid grew suspicious of Afghani’s meetings with some Arab leaders and the British officials in Istanbul and did not permit him to leave the country. Afghani died of cancer in March 9, 1897 and was buried in Istanbul. Al-Afghani remains was transfered to Aghanistan with coordination of Afghan Government to his "native" homeland.1
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The opening as it stood in 2010 22 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
| Jamal-al-Din Afghani. |- | |- | "Asadabadi square" in Tehran , Iran |} Sayyid Muḥammad ibn Ṣafdar Husaynī (born 1838 - died March 9, 1897) ( ), mostly known as Sayyid Jamāl-al-dīn al-Afghānī , ( ) or Sayyid Jamāl-al-dīn Asadābādī ( ), was a political activist and Islamic nationalist active in Persia (Iran), Afghanistan , Egypt , and the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century.One of the founders of Islamic modernism, and an advocate of pan-Islamic unity, he has been described as "less interested in theology than he was in organizing a Muslim response to Western pressure." Britannica Encyclopædia, Online Edition 2007 - link Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Jewish Virtual Library Ludwig W.
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Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Afghānī ( ), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī ( ), and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – March 9, 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist in the Muslim world during the late 19th century, particularly in the Middle East , South Asia and Europe .One of the founders of Islamic Modernism and an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity, he has been described as being less interested in minor differences in Fiqh than he was in organizing a Muslim response to Western pressure.Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies .The Online Encyclopædia Britannica .Center for Islam and Science. 2002 .
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The opening as it stood in 2020
Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī ( ), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī ( ) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – March 9, 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century. He is one of the founders of Islamic Modernism as well as an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity in Europe and Hindu–Muslim unity in India, he has been described as being less interested in minor differences in Islamic jurisprudence than he was in organizing a united response to Western pressure.He is also known for his involvement with his follower Mirza Reza Kermani in the successful plot to assassinate Shah Naser-al-Din , who Al-Afghani considered to be making too many concessions to foreign powers, especially the British Empire.In Oliver Leaman (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics .In 1897 al-Afghānī died of cancer of the jaw.No evidence supports the story that he was poisoned by the sultan.In 1944, his remains were transferred to Kabul, Afghanistan, and a mausoleum was erected there.In Hyderabad 1880-81 Afḡānī published six Persian articles in the journal Moʿallem-e šafīq, which were reprinted in Urdu and Persian in various editions of Maqālāt-e Jamālīya.The three major themes of these articles are: 1. advocacy of linguistic or territorial nationalism, with an emphasis upon the unity of Indian Muslims and Hindus, not of Indian Muslims and foreign Muslims; 2. the benefits of philosophy and modern science; and 3. attacks on Sayyed Aḥmad Khan as a tool of the British.On nationalism, he writes in "The Philosophy of National Unity and the Truth about Unity of Language" that linguistic ties are stronger and more durable than religious ones (he was to make exactly the opposite point in the pan-Islamic al-ʿOrwat al-woṯqā a few years later).In India he felt the best anti-imperialist policy was Hindu-Muslim unity, while in Europe he felt it was pan-Islam. Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies . The Online Encyclopædia Britannica . New horizons in Islamic studies.Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism .SUNY series in Near Eastern studies.History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century . Center for Islam and Science. 2002 .
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Political activist and Islamic ideologist Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī ( Pashto / ), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī ( ) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century. He is one of the founders of Islamic Modernism as well as an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity in India against the British, he has been described as having been less interested in minor differences in Islamic jurisprudence than he was in organizing a united response to Western pressure. He is also known for his involvement with his follower Mirza Reza Kermani in the successful plot to assassinate Shah Naser-al-Din , whom Afghani considered to be making too many concessions to foreign powers, especially the British Empire. In Oliver Leaman (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics . Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism .The idea of the Muslim world: A Global Intellectual History ."The Salafiyya and Sufsm: Muhammad 'Abduh and his Risalat al-Waridat (Treatise on Mystical Inspirations)" .Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . 70 (1).Muhammad Abduh: Makers of the Muslim World .THE INFLUENCE OF AL-MANAR ON ISLAMISM IN TURKEY . Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies . The Online Encyclopædia Britannica . New horizons in Islamic studies. Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism . SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century . Center for Islam and Science. 2002 .
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The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Political activist and Islamic ideologist (1838/1839–1897) Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī ( Pashto / Persian : سید جمالالدین افغانی ), also known as Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī ( Persian : سید جمالالدین اسدآبادی ) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was an Iranian political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Muslim world during the late 19th century. He is one of the founders of Islamic Modernism as well as an advocate of Pan-Islamic unity in India against the British. He has been described as having been less interested in minor differences in Islamic jurisprudence than he was in organizing a united response to Western pressure. He is also known for his involvement with his follower Mirza Reza Kermani in the successful plot to assassinate Shah Naser-al-Din , whom Afghani considered to be making too many concessions to foreign powers, especially the British Empire. In Oliver Leaman (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics . Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism . The idea of the Muslim world: A Global Intellectual History . "The Salafiyya and Sufsm: Muhammad 'Abduh and his Risalat al-Waridat (Treatise on Mystical Inspirations)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London . 70 (1). Muhammad Abduh: Makers of the Muslim World . THE INFLUENCE OF AL-MANAR ON ISLAMISM IN TURKEY . Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies . The Online Encyclopædia Britannica . New horizons in Islamic studies. Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism . SUNY series in Near Eastern studies. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century .
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“islamist” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today the opening has none; the body has 9. Read the current article and compare.
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