Mulla Sadra

MollaSadra, Iran's greatest philosopher, responsible for the intellectual rennaissance movement of Iran in the 17th century. Mulla Sadra (aka Molla Sadra or Mollasadra ) also called Sadr Ad-Din Ash- Shirazi (b.c. 1571 , Shiraz , Iran - d. 1640 , Basra , Iraq ) was a philosopher, who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. The foremost representative of the illuminationist, or Ishraghi school of philosopher-mystics, he is commonly regarded by Iranians as the greatest philosopher their country has ever produced. A son from a notable Shirazi family, Mulla Sadra completed his education at Isfahan , which was the leading cultural and intellectual center of his day. After his studies with scholars there, he produced several works, the most famous of which was his Asfar (Journeys). Asfar contains the bulk of his philosophy which was influenced by a personal mysticism bordering on the ascetic that he experienced during a 15-year retreat at Kahak, a village near Qom , Iran. Expounding his theory of nature, Mulla Sadra argued that the entire universe - except God and his knowledge - was originated both eternally as well as temporally. Nature, he asserted is the substance of all things and is the cause for all movement. Thus, nature is permanent and furnishes the continuing link between the eternal and the originated. Toward the end of his life, Mulla Sadra returned to Shiraz to teach. His teachings however, were considered heretical by the orthodox Shiite theologians of his day, who persecuted him, though his powerful family connections permitted him to continue to write. He died on a pilgrimage to Mecca and was buried in present day Iraq .

Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī also called Mulla Sadrā ( ; also spelt Molla Sadra , Mollasadra or Sadrol Mote'allehin ;) (c. 1571–1641) was a Persian Shia Islamic philosopher , theologian and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman , Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist, or (Ishraghi or Ishraqi ) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracks of the Islamic Golden Age , and Andalusian , philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’liyah . Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality " and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism " in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to Allah , and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism. Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism , Suhrawardi 's Illuminationist philosophy , Ibn Arabi 's Sufi metaphysics , and the theology of the Ash'ari school and Twelvers .

Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī , also called Mulla Sadrā ( ; also spelled Molla Sadra , Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin ; ) (c. 1571/2 – 1640), a Iranian Shia Islamic philosopher , theologian and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman , Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi ) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’liyah . Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality " and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism " in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to Allah , and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism. Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism , Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi 's Illuminationist philosophy , Ibn Arabi 's Sufi metaphysics , and the theology of the Ash'ari school and Twelvers . His main work is The Transcendent theosophy in the Four Journeys of the intellect , or simply Four Journeys .

Iranian Shia Islamic philosopher and theologian Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī , more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( ; ) (c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher , theologian , and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman , Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi ) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’āliyah . Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality " and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism " in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to God, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral , and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism. Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism , Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi 's Illuminationist philosophy , Ibn Arabi 's Sufi metaphysics , and the theology of the Sunni Ash'ari school of Kalam into the framework of Twelver Shi'ism . His main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect , or simply Four Journeys , In which he attempted to reach Sufism and prove the idea of Unity of Existence by offering a new intake and perspective on Peripatetic philosophy that was offered by Alpharabius and Avicenna in the Islamic world. By Zailan Moris (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), 238 pp. Journal of Islamic Studies . 16 (3). "ملاصدرا کیست | زندگینامه، نظریات، اشعار و آثار" . کجارو (in Persian). 14 June 2021 . Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left . A reference to the work of Mulla Sadra, or Sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi (ca. 1571-1640), a Persian philosopher and theologian.

17th-century Iranian Shia philosopher and theologian Entrance to Mulla Sadra's House in Kahak, Qom Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī , more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( Persian : ملا صدرا ; Arabic : صدر المتألهین ; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher , theologian , and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman , Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years. Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi ) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’āliyah . Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality " and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism " in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to God, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral , and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism. Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism , Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi 's Illuminationist philosophy , Ibn Arabi 's Sufi metaphysics , and the theology of the Sunni Ash'ari school of Kalam into the framework of Twelver Shi'ism . His main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect , or simply Four Journeys , In which he attempted to reach Sufism and prove the idea of Unity of Existence by offering a new intake and perspective on Peripatetic philosophy that was offered by al-Farabi and Avicenna in the Islamic world. By Zailan Moris (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), 238 pp. Journal of Islamic Studies . 16 (3). "ملاصدرا کیست | زندگینامه، نظریات، اشعار و آثار" . کجارو (in Persian). 14 June 2021 . Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left . A reference to the work of Mulla Sadra, or Sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi (ca. 1571-1640), a Persian philosopher and theologian.