John Allen Muhammad was convicted with accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo of the 2002 D.C. sniper attacks, which killed seventeen people total. In 2010 the opening said "drawings by Malvo describe the murders as part of a 'jihad' (Arabic for 'struggle in the way of God')." Today the word does not appear anywhere in the article. A reader today does not learn that Malvo's drawings described the killings as part of a jihad.
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Machine-checked against the full current article on 2026-08-01. “jihad” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today it appears nowhere in the article, references included.
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The opening as it read in 2010
John Allen Muhammad (December 31, 1960 – November 10, 2009) was a spree killer from the United States. With his younger partner, Lee Boyd Malvo , he carried out the 2002 Beltway sniper attacks , killing at least 10 people.1Muhammad and Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24, 2002, following tips from alert citizens.2Born as John Allen Williams , Muhammad joined the Nation of Islam in 1987 and later changed his surname to Muhammad.3Drawings by Malvo describe the murders as part of a " jihad " ( Arabic for "struggle in the way of God").4At Muhammad's trial, the prosecutor claimed that the rampage was part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument. His trial for one of the murders (the murder of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County, Virginia ) began in October 2003, and the following month he was found guilty of capital murder.5 Four months later he was sentenced to death . While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, he was extradited to Maryland to face some of the charges there, for which he was convicted of six counts of first-degree murder on May 30, 2006.6 Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, he was returned to Virginia's death row pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions, and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other deaths and serious woundings. All appeals of his conviction for killing Dean Harold Meyers had been made and rejected.7 Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 PM EST at Greensville Correctional Center in Jarratt, Virginia , and was pronounced dead at 9:11 PM EST.8 Muhammad declined to make a final statement.
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 370374812.
The opening as it stood in 2005
John Allen Muhammad (born John Allen Williams on December 31 , 1960 ) carried out the Beltway sniper attacks in an apparent attempt to extort $10 million dollars through terrorism . He and his younger partner Lee Boyd Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24 , 2002 following tips from alert citizens. His trial for one of the murders (in Prince William County, Virginia ) began in October 2003 , and the following month, he was found guilty of capital murder. Four months later he was sentenced to death . He has not been tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions, as well as least four other states and the District of Columbia involving 12 other deaths and three serious woundings. He currently is awaiting execution on Virginia's death row pending routine appeals.
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The opening as it stood in 2015 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
He, along with his seventeen-year-old partner, Lee Boyd Malvo , carried out the Beltway sniper attacks of October 2002, killing at least 10 people. Muhammad and Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24, 2002, following tips from alert citizens. Although the pairing's actions were classified by the media as psychopathy attributable to serial killer characteristics, whether or not their psychopathy meets this classification or that of a spree killer is debated by researchers. Born as John Allen Williams , Muhammad joined the Nation of Islam in 1987 and later changed his surname to Muhammad. At Muhammad's trial, the prosecutor claimed that the rampage was part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument. His trial for one of the murders (the murder of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County, Virginia ) began in October 2003, and the following month he was found guilty of capital murder . Four months later he was sentenced to death . While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, he was extradited to Maryland to face some of the charges there, for which he was convicted of six counts of first-degree murder on May 30, 2006. Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, Muhammad was returned to Virginia's death row pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions, and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other deaths and serious woundings. All appeals of his conviction for killing Dean Harold Meyers had been made and rejected. Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia , and was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. Muhammad declined to make a final statement. The Crime Classification Manual, 2nd Edition .John Wiley and Sons. 2011 [2006].Sniper Muhammad Executed in Virginia ." Fox News ." Sniper John Allen Muhammad executed ." CNN .
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The opening as it stood in 2020 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American serial killer, co-perpetrator in the "DC Sniper Case" John Allen Muhammad (December 31, 1960 – November 10, 2009) was an American convicted murderer from Baton Rouge, Louisiana .He, along with his partner and accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo (aged 17), a native of Kingston, Jamaica , carried out the D.C. sniper attacks of October 2002, killing 10 people. Muhammad and Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24, 2002, following tips from alert citizens. Although the pair's actions were classified by the media as psychopathy attributable to serial killer characteristics, whether or not their psychopathy meets this classification or that of a spree killer is debated by researchers. Born as John Allen Williams , Muhammad joined the Nation of Islam in 1987 and later changed his surname to Muhammad. At Muhammad's trial, the prosecutor claimed that the rampage was part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument. His trial for one of the murders (that of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County, Virginia ) began in October 2003, and the following month he was found guilty of capital murder . Four months later he was sentenced to death . While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, he was extradited to Maryland to face some of the charges there. He was convicted of six counts of first-degree murder on May 30, 2006. Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, Muhammad was returned to Virginia's death row pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other murders and attempted murders. All appeals of his conviction for killing Meyers had been made and rejected. Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia , and was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. Muhammad declined to make a final statement. The Crime Classification Manual, 2nd Edition . Supreme Court to block execution of Beltway sniper" . Sniper Muhammad Executed in Virginia" .
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The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American serial killer in the D.C. sniper attacks (1960–2009) "John Muhammad" redirects here.John Allen Muhammad (born John Allen Williams ; December 31, 1960 – November 10, 2009) was an American convicted murderer who, along with his partner and accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo (then aged 17), carried out the D.C. sniper attacks of October 2002, killing ten people. Muhammad and Malvo were arrested in connection with the attacks on October 24, 2002, following tips from alert citizens. Although the actions of the two individuals were classified by the media as psychopathy attributable to serial killer characteristics, whether or not their psychopathy meets this classification or as a spree killer is debated by researchers.A native of Baton Rouge , Louisiana , Muhammad changed his surname after joining the Nation of Islam in 1987.At Muhammad's trial, the prosecution claimed that the attacks were part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument.Muhammad's trial for one of the murders (of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County , Virginia ) began in October 2003, and ended with his conviction for capital murder . Four months later he was sentenced to death . While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, Muhammad was extradited to Maryland for trial, resulting in his conviction on six counts of first-degree murder in May 2006.Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, he was returned to Virginia pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other murders and attempted murders. All appeals of his conviction for killing Meyers had been made and rejected. Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia , and was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. Muhammad declined to make a final statement. The Crime Classification Manual, 2nd Edition . Supreme Court to block execution of Beltway sniper" . Sniper Muhammad Executed in Virginia" .
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178320311.
The opening as it stood in 2025 4 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American serial killer (1960–2009) "John Muhammad" redirects here.He and his accomplice Lee Boyd Malvo carried out a series of shootings in ten states from February through September 2002, killing seven people, before moving their crimes into the Washington metropolitan area where they carried out the D.C. sniper attacks , which killed a further ten people before their apprehension. A native of Baton Rouge, Louisiana , Muhammad changed his surname after joining the Nation of Islam in 1987. At Muhammad's trial, the prosecution claimed that the attacks were part of a plot to kill his ex-wife and regain custody of his children, but the judge ruled that there was insufficient evidence to support this argument. Muhammad's trial for one of the murders (of Dean Harold Meyers in Prince William County , Virginia ) began in October 2003, and ended with his conviction for capital murder . Four months later he was sentenced to death . While awaiting execution in Virginia, in August 2005, Muhammad was extradited to Maryland for trial, resulting in his conviction on six counts of first-degree murder in May 2006. Upon completion of the trial activity in Maryland, he was returned to Virginia pending an agreement with another state or the District of Columbia seeking to try him. He was not tried on additional charges in other Virginia jurisdictions and faced potential trials in three other states and the District of Columbia involving other murders and attempted murders. All appeals of his conviction for killing Meyers had been rejected. Appeals for Muhammad's other trials remained pending at the time of his execution. Muhammad was executed by lethal injection on November 10, 2009, at 9:06 p.m. EST at the Greensville Correctional Center near Jarratt, Virginia , and was pronounced dead at 9:11 p.m. Muhammad declined to make a final statement. Supreme Court to block execution of Beltway sniper" . Sniper Muhammad Executed in Virginia" .
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Today
“jihad” appeared 1 times in this article's opening at its peak. Today it appears nowhere in the article, references included. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
jihad
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terror
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Counts in the opening at each snapshot. Green: the word gained ground. Red: it was cut. Grey: no change.
What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined between 2010 and 2020.
Then
spree killer from the united states
Now
american convicted murderer from baton rouge
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.