One-state solution

Binational solution is a term most often used in reference to a proposed resolution of the long-running Israeli-Palestinian conflict . It is also known as the One-State Solution , as opposed to the Two-State Solution . Proponents of a binational solution to the conflict advocate a common state in historic Palestine shared between Jewish and Arab populations. All of the West Bank and Gaza Strip would be annexed to Israel , with their Palestinian Arab inhabitants given citizenship and an equal status to the Jewish and Arab citizens of present-day Israel. The new state would have a secular character rather than being dominated by Judaism or Islam . The idea is, as with virtually every other aspect of the conflict, immensely controversial. It has been around for decades with relatively little impact, but in 2003 the potential for a near-term majority Arab population and a minority population of Israeli Jews in Israel-Palestine brought the binational proposition back to centre stage.

Though increasingly debated in academic circles, especially outside the United States, this approach remained outside the range of alternatives in official efforts to resolve the conflict as well as in mainstream analysis, where it is eclipsed by the two-state solution , most recently agreed upon in principle by the government of Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the November 2007 Annapolis Conference . In November 2009 , Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat proposed the adoption of the one-state solution if Israel didn't halt settlement construction. Proponents of a binational solution to the conflict advocate a single state in Israel , the West Bank and Gaza Strip , with citizenship and equal rights in the combined entity for all inhabitants of all three territories, without regard to ethnicity or religion. While some advocate the one-state solution for ideological reasons, others feel that due to the reality on the ground, it is the only practicable solution.

"Binationalism" and "Binational state" redirect here. The one-state solution and the similar binational solution are proposed approaches to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict . Proponents of a binational solution to the conflict advocate a single state in Israel , the West Bank and the Gaza Strip , with citizenship and equal rights in the combined entity for all inhabitants of all three territories, without regard to ethnicity or religion. While some advocate this solution for ideological reasons, others feel simply that, due to the reality on the ground, it is the de facto situation. Though increasingly debated in academic circles, this approach has remained outside the range of official efforts to resolve the conflict as well as mainstream analysis, where it is eclipsed by the two-state solution . The two-state solution was most recently agreed upon in principle by the government of Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the November 2007 Annapolis Conference and remains the conceptual basis for negotiations proposed by the administration of U.S. president Barack Obama in 2011. Interest in a one-state solution is growing, however, as the two-state approach fails to accomplish a final agreement. Israel and Palestine: A true one-state solution .

Proposed resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict "Binationalism" and "Binational state" redirect here. Primary concerns Final borders Israeli settlements Palestinian enclaves Jewish state Palestinian political violence Palestinian refugees Security concerns Status of Jerusalem Zionist political violence Secondary concerns Israeli West Bank barrier Places of worship Fatah–Hamas conflict Water Electricity International brokers The "Quartet" ( United Nations United States European Union Russia ) Arab League Egypt Jordan United Kingdom France Proposals One-state solution : Isratin Elon Peace Plan Two-state solution : Fahd Plan Allon Plan Arab Peace Initiative Geneva Initiative Lieberman Plan Israeli Peace Initiative Palestinian Prisoners' Document Trump Peace Plan Three-state solution Israeli unilateral plans: Hafrada Disengagement Realignment Others Palestinian Emirates Plan Projects / groups / NGOs Peace-orientated projects Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts Valley of Peace Middle East economic integration Alliance for Middle East Peace Peres Center for Peace v t e The one-state solution , sometimes also called a bi-national state , is a proposed approach to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict , according to which one state must be established between the River Jordan and the Mediterranean. Proponents of this solution advocate a single state in Israel , the West Bank and the Gaza Strip . The term one-state reality describes the belief that the current situation in Israel/Palestine is de facto one-state. Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution. One such model is the unitary state , which would comprise a single government on the entire territory with citizenship and equal rights for all residents, regardless of their ethnicity or religion, similar to Mandatory Palestine . Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which Israel will annex the West Bank but not the Gaza Strip and remain a Jewish and democratic state with a larger Arab minority. A second model calls for Israel to annex the West Bank and create an autonomous region for the Palestinians there. A third version would involve creating a federal state with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Jewish and others Palestinian. A fourth model involves an Israeli-Palestinian confederation , a de facto two-state solution where both independent states share powers in some areas and Israelis and Palestinians have residency rights in each others' nations. Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official efforts to resolve the conflict, where it is eclipsed by the two-state solution . According to a 2017 survey, support for a one-state solution stands at 36% among Palestinians , 19% among Israeli Jews and 56% among Israeli Arabs . However, interest in a one-state solution is growing as the two-state approach has not managed to reach a final agreement. The New York Times . p.

Proposed resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict "Binationalism" and "Binational state" redirect here. The one-state solution is a proposed approach to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process . It stipulates the establishment of a single state within the boundaries of the former Mandatory Palestine , today consisting of the combined territory of modern-day Israel (excluding the annexed Golan Heights ) and Palestine . The term one-state reality describes the belief that the current situation of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict on the ground is that of one de facto country. The one-state solution is sometimes referred to as the bi-national state , owing to the hope that it would successfully deliver self-determination to Israelis and Palestinians in one country, thus granting both peoples independence as well as absolute access to all of the land. Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution. One such model is the unitary state , which would comprise a single government with citizenship and equal rights for every ethnic and religious group in the land, similar to the legal arrangement of the British Mandate for Palestine . Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which Israel annexes the West Bank (but not the Gaza Strip) and grants Israeli citizenship to all of the Palestinians living there, thereby integrating the region and gaining a larger Arab minority , but remaining a Jewish and democratic state . A second model calls for Israel to annex the West Bank and integrate it as a Palestinian autonomous region. A third model involves creating a federal state with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Israeli and others Palestinian. A fourth model, described by the Israeli–Palestinian peace movement A Land for All , involves the establishment of a confederation in which independent Israeli and Palestinian states share powers in some areas, and giving Israelis and Palestinians residency rights in each other's states. Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, as it has historically been eclipsed by the two-state solution . According to the most recent joint survey of the Palestinian–Israeli Pulse in 2023, support for a democratic one-state solution stands at 23% among Palestinians and 20% among Israeli Jews . A non-equal non-democratic one-state solution remains more popular among both populations, supported by 30% of Palestinians and 37% of Israeli Jews. A Palestinian poll in September 2024 revealed that only 10% of respondents supported a single state that would provide equal rights for both Israelis and Palestinians. The New York Times . p.