Wikipedia's first sentence called it “american economist”. Today it says “american economist who is the distinguished professor of economics at the graduate center of the city universit”.
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The opening as it read in 2005
Krugman is probably best known to the public as an outspoken and formidable critic of the economic and general policies of the administration of George W. Bush , views he presents in his column for the Times op-ed page. Unlike many economic pundits , Krugman is also regarded as a respected economist by his peers. Krugman has written hundreds of articles and eighteen books — some of them academic, and some of them written for the layperson. His International Economics: Theory and Policy is a standard textbook on international economics. In 1991 he was awarded the prestigious John Bates Clark Medal by the American Economic Association .1
This is Wikipedia's own text, saved in our repository. Their copy of it is revision 17775226.
The opening as it stood in 2010 6 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Paul Robin Krugman ( ; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist , columnist and author.He is Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University , Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics , and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times .In 2008, Krugman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography .He was voted sixth in a 2005 global poll of the world's top 100 intellectuals by Prospect .According to the Nobel Prize Committee, the prize was given for Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic concentration of wealth, by examining the impact of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.Krugman is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory, economic geography, and international finance), liquidity traps and currency crises.According to IDEAS/REPEC (a ranking of Economists by article citations), his work has made him one of the most influential economists in the world, and he is among the 12 most widely cited economists.As of 2006, Krugman had written or edited more than 25 books, 40 scholarly articles and 750 columns at ''The New York Times'' dealing with current economic and political issues.Krugman's International Economics: Theory and Policy , co-authored with Maurice Obstfeld , is a standard college textbook on international economics.He also writes on political and economic topics for the general public, as well as on topics ranging from income distribution to international economics.Krugman considers himself a liberal , calling one of his books and his New York Times blog " The Conscience of a Liberal ".See inogolo:pronunciation of Paul Krugman .Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a CES utility function like that in A.Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity', American Economic Review 67.The Conscience of a Liberal , accessed 6 August 2009
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The opening as it stood in 2015 7 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist , Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University , Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics , Distinguished Scholar at the Luxembourg Income Study Center at the CUNY Graduate Center , and a left-leaning op-ed columnist for The New York Times .In 2008, Krugman won the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography . According to the prize Committee, the prize was given for Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic concentration of wealth, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Krugman is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory, economic geography, and international finance), liquidity traps , and currency crisis . Krugman is ranked among the most influential economic thinkers in the US.Krugman has written over 20 books, including scholarly works, textbooks and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes.He has also written more than 750 columns on economic and political issues for The New York Times , Fortune and Slate .As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distribution , taxation , macroeconomics and international economics. Krugman considers himself a liberal , calling one of his books and his New York Times blog The Conscience of a Liberal . His popular commentary has attracted considerable comment, both positive and negative. Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a CES utility function like that in A. Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity', American Economic Review 67.
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The opening as it stood in 2020 3 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear
American economist Paul Robin Krugman ( / ˈ k r ʊ ɡ m ə n / KRUUG -mən ; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York , and a columnist for The New York Times .In 2008, Krugman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography .The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economic activity, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.Krugman was previously a professor of economics at MIT , and later at Princeton University .He retired from Princeton in June 2015, and holds the title of professor emeritus there.He also holds the title of Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics .Krugman was President of the Eastern Economic Association in 2010, and is among the most influential economists in the world.He is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory and international finance), economic geography, liquidity traps , and currency crises .Krugman is the author or editor of 27 books, including scholarly works, textbooks, and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes.He has also written several hundred columns on economic and political issues for The New York Times , Fortune and Slate .A 2011 survey of economics professors named him their favorite living economist under the age of 60. As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distribution , taxation , macroeconomics , and international economics. Krugman considers himself a modern liberal , referring to his books, his blog on The New York Times , and his 2007 book The Conscience of a Liberal .His popular commentary has attracted widespread attention and comments, both positive and negative.According to the Open Syllabus Project, Krugman is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses. The Conscience of a Liberal . Research Papers in Economics . Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a CES utility function like that in A. Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity', American Economic Review 67.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 964684123.
The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Paul Robin Krugman ( / ˈ k r ʊ ɡ m ə n / KRUUG -mən ; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times . In 2008, Krugman was the winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography . The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economic activity, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Krugman was previously a professor of economics at MIT , and, later, at Princeton University . He retired from Princeton in June 2015, and holds the title of professor emeritus there. He also holds the title of Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics . Krugman was President of the Eastern Economic Association in 2010, and is among the most influential economists in the world. He is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory and international finance), economic geography, liquidity traps , and currency crises . Krugman is the author or editor of 27 books, including scholarly works, textbooks, and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes. He has also written several hundred columns on economic and political issues for The New York Times , Fortune and Slate . A 2011 survey of economics professors named him their favorite living economist under the age of 60. According to the Open Syllabus Project , Krugman is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses. As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distribution , taxation , macroeconomics , and international economics. Krugman considers himself a modern liberal , referring to his books, his blog on The New York Times , and his 2007 book The Conscience of a Liberal . His popular commentary has attracted widespread praise and criticism. The Conscience of a Liberal . Research Papers in Economics . Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a CES utility function like that in A. Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity', American Economic Review 67.
Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1177972241.
The opening as it stood in 2025 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear
Paul Robin Krugman ( / ˈ k r ʊ ɡ m ə n / KRUUG -mən ; born February 28, 1953) is an American New Keynesian economist who is the Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York . In 2008, Krugman was the sole winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to new trade theory and new economic geography . The Prize Committee cited Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economic activity, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Krugman was previously a professor of economics at MIT , and, later, at Princeton University which he retired from in June 2015, holding the title of professor emeritus there ever since. He also holds the title of Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics . Krugman was President of the Eastern Economic Association in 2010, and is among the most influential economists in the world. He is known in academia for his work on international economics (including trade theory and international finance), economic geography, liquidity traps , and currency crises . Krugman is the author or editor of 27 books, including scholarly works, textbooks, and books for a more general audience, and has published over 200 scholarly articles in professional journals and edited volumes. He has also written several hundred columns on economic and political issues for The New York Times , Fortune and Slate . A 2011 survey of economics professors named him their favorite living economist under the age of 60. According to the Open Syllabus Project , Krugman is the second most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses. As a commentator, Krugman has written on a wide range of economic issues including income distribution , taxation , macroeconomics , and international economics. Krugman considers himself a modern liberal , referring to his books, his blog on The New York Times , and his 2007 book The Conscience of a Liberal . His popular commentary has attracted widespread praise and criticism. On December 6, 2024, New York Times opinion editor Kathleen Kingsbury announced that Krugman was retiring as a Times columnist; His final column was published on December 9.Afterwards, Krugman began publishing a daily newsletter on Substack.Krugman wrote there that he left the Times because his editors began to discourage him from writing columns that might "get some people (particularly on the right) riled up." Krugman, Paul (January 10, 2003)."Paul Krugman on Arguing with Zombies (Podcast)" (Podcast)."Paul Krugman on Arguing With Zombies (Podcast)" (Podcast). The Conscience of a Liberal . The New York Times . Research Papers in Economics . Note: Krugman modeled a 'preference for diversity' by assuming a CES utility function like that in A. Stiglitz (1977), 'Monopolistic competition and optimal product diversity', American Economic Review 67.
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Today
Wikipedia's first sentence called it “american economist”. Today it says “american economist who is the distinguished professor of economics at the graduate center of the city universit”. Read the current article and compare.
2005
2010
2015
2020
Oct '23
2025
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What Wikipedia says this is
Every article opens by defining its subject. This one was redefined since 2005, and today's defining sentence is their current revision.
Then
american economist
Now
american economist who is the distinguished professor of economics at the graduate center of the city universit
Struck red text is no longer in the article; dotted amber text was rewritten. Every revision id links to Wikipedia's copy; the text shown is our own saved copy. Data: /data. Wikipedia text is CC BY-SA; quoted for the record; not affiliated with Wikipedia.