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Wikipedia's first sentence called it "renowned talmudic language scholar". Today it says "prussian-born american orthodox jewish rabbi". We saved the article's opening at 6 moments between 2005 and 2025, and every claim links the exact revision.

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The opening as it read in 2005

Marcus (Mordechai) Jastrow ( 1829 - 1903 ) was a renowned Talmudic language scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature .¹ Jastrow was born in Posen , Poland .² After receiving rabbinical ordination , Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt. ), he became the rabbi of Reform Temple Rodeph Shalom (while he was personally more theologically aligned with Conservative Judaism ) in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1866 , at the age of 37.³ In 1886 , he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Talmudic Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply be traced to Hebrew origins.⁴ Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in the Jewish Encyclopedia .

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The opening as it stood in 2010 1 passage from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829, Rogoźno – October 13, 1903) was a renowned Talmudic scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen . After receiving rabbinical ordination , Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt ), he became the rabbi of the then Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1866, at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Talmudic Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply be traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in the Jewish Encyclopedia .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 352226666.

The opening as it stood in 2015

Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829, Rogoźno – October 13, 1903) was a renowned Talmudic scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . He was also a progressive, early reformist rabbi in America. Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen . After receiving rabbinical ordination , Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt ), he became the rabbi of the then Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania in 1866, at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Talmudic Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in the Jewish Encyclopedia .

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 660424847.

The opening as it stood in 2020

Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a German born American Talmudic scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . He was also a progressive, early reformist rabbi in America. Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen , Prussia . After receiving rabbinical ordination , Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt. ), he became the rabbi of the then Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , in 1866, at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Talmudic Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in the Jewish Encyclopedia . Elisabeth Jastrow , the classical archaeologist, was his niece.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 947754838.

The opening as it stood on October 6, 2023

Marcus Jastrow Picture of Marcus Jastrow, as Rabbi of Worms Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a German-born American Talmudic scholar, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli , Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . He was also a progressive , early reformist rabbi. Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen , Prussia . After receiving semikhah (rabbinical ordination), Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt. ), he became the rabbi of the then- Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia in 1866 at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of the Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Koine Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in The Jewish Encyclopedia . Elisabeth Jastrow , the classical archaeologist, was his niece.

Red text was written in or rewritten since the previous snapshot. Their copy is revision 1178512477.

The opening as it stood in 2025 2 passages from the previous snapshot no longer appear

Marcus Jastrow (June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a Poland-born American Talmudic scholar and rabbi, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli , Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature . Jastrow was born in Rogasen in the Grand Duchy of Posen , Prussia . After receiving semikhah (rabbinical ordination), Ph.D. , and Doctorate of Letters ( D.Litt. ), he became the rabbi of the then- Orthodox Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia in 1866 at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus, A Dictionary of the Targumim , Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature , in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of the Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those linguistic and etymological scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from Koine Greek . Jastrow held that Greek influence on Jewish Babylonian Aramaic was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to Hebrew origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in The Jewish Encyclopedia .

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